摘 要：采用数值仿真的方法对石灰窑煅烧过程进行研究。基于煅烧过程的物理机理建立竖式石灰窑的数学模型，该模型相比于以往模型，将窑内堆积的石灰石视为球形堆积床式非惰性多孔介质，考虑煅烧过程中各参数的时变性，以及气、固移动和反应引起的组分、能量变化；在此基础上，分别进行燃料量变化静态仿真实验和燃料量、进料量、冷却风扰动仿真实验，得到了几个主要位置的特性参数及传递函数。结果表明：以燃料量为控制参数，煅烧带固体温响应的放大系数K为0.75，其他监测位置的放大系数也为最大，表明其调节作用显著；以冷却风量为控制参数，过程响应无纯滞后，且煅烧带固体温度响应的时间常数T为195.25，其他监测位置的时间常数均较小，表明以冷却风为控制变量的调控效果比较灵敏；以进料量为控制参数，控制效果适中，但会引起产量变化。

Abstract: The dynamic characteristics of calcination process in lime kiln are the important basis of control and operation optimization.Based on the physical mechanism of the calcination process,a predicting model of the vertical lime kiln was established in this paper.Compared with the previous models,the limestone deposited in the kiln was treated as a spherical packed bed reactive porous medium,and the time-varying properties of parameters in the calcination process were considered,as well as the material and energy change caused by flue gas and solid movement and chemical reaction. Both steady state simulations with different fuel quantity and dynamic testing with disturbance in fuel loading and cooling air were carried out.The characteristic parameters and transfer function of main stages were obtained.The results showed that the regulation effect is significant with the fuel quantity as the control parameter,because the amplification coefficient K of the calcined zone is 0.75,and the amplification coefficient of other monitoring locations reaches the maximum.With the cooling air as the control parameter,the process response has no delay,the time constant T of the calcined band solid temperature response is 195.25,and the time constant of the other monitoring positions is small,indicating the control effect of the cooling air as the control variable is sensitive.With the inlet quantity as the control parameter,the control effect is moderate with a change in output.

TK32

国家自然科学基金（51176125）；上海市科委部分地方院校能力建设计划（16060502600）