摘 要：以造纸黒液中提取的木质素为原料，磷酸作活化剂，使用管式炉制备活性炭，研究其对水中Pb（II）离子的吸附特性。通过单因素实验得到制备活性炭的最佳工况为：活化温度600 ℃，活化时间90 min，浸渍比（磷酸：木质素）1.5∶1。最佳工况下活性炭的总比表面积达到1 593.7 m2/g，总孔容达到0.91 cm 3/g，具有较低的等电位点（3.5），含有丰富的羟基、羧基等含氧官能团。分析吸附时间、溶液pH值、活性炭投加量及Pb（II）离子初始浓度对木质素基活性炭吸附重金属Pb（II）离子的影响,结果表明：木质素基活性炭对Pb（II）离子的吸附平衡时间为90 min；pH值对吸附效果影响较大，随pH值增大Pb（II）离子的吸附量和去除率都增大，pH在5.0~6.0范围时，木质素基活性炭对Pb（II）离子具有良好的吸附性能；随着活性炭投加量的升高对Pb（II）离子的吸附量降低，但去除率增加；随着初始浓度的增加，Pb（II）离子吸附量增加，但去除率降低。

Abstract:Lignin extracted from papermaking black liquor was employed as the raw material to prepare activated carbon with the assistance of phosphoric acid as activation under a tube furnace. The adsorption performance of Pb(II) ions onto as-prepared lignin-based activated carbon was investigated. Activation temperature 600 ℃,activation time 90 min and impregnation ratio (phosphoric acid:lignin) 1.5:1 were found to be the optimum conditions to prepare activated carbon in terms of single factor experiment. The total specific surface area of the activated carbon reached 1 593.7 m2/g,and the total pore volume reached 0.91 cm2/g. The activated carbon had a lower isoelectric point (3.5),and was rich in oxygencontaining functional groups such as hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. Also,the influences of adsorption conditions including adsorption time,solution pH,activated carbon dasage and initial Pb(II) ions concentration on the adsorption of Pb(II) ions onto activated carbon were studied. The results showed that the adsorption equilibrium time of Pb(II) ion for ligninbased activated carbon is 90 min. The pH has great influence on the adsorption effect. With the increase of pH,the adsorption and removal rate of Pb(II) ions increase. With pH= 5.0 to 6.0,the ligninbased activated carbon has good adsorption capacity for Pb(II) ions. The adsorption amount of Pb(II) ions decreases with the increase in the amount of activated carbon,but the removal rate increases. As the initial concentration increases,the adsorption of Pb (II) ions increases,but the removal rate decreases. 

TQ424

国家自然科学基金（51475264）；湖北省自然科学基金 （2016CFB565）；水电机械设备设计与维护湖北省重点实验室（三峡大学）开放基金（2016KJX03）；宜昌市科技局项目(A14-302-a03)