摘 要：风力机塔架力学结构属典型的柔性细长弹性体，考虑到沿海一带棕榈树与近海风力机结构（同为细长柱体）所处环境的相似性，以传统筒型和仿生风力机塔架为研究对象，通过棕榈树样本参数拟合出树干外形函数，并考虑棕榈树内部维管束结构及其材料特性，分别建立了刚性、柔性和布置类维管束结构的仿生塔架3种塔架模型，进一步采用有限元方法对3种塔架进行静力学分析、模态分析与谐响应分析，并对比3种塔架的力学性能，分析仿生结构对塔架力学性能的影响。结果表明：风载荷作用下，原始塔架的最大应力主要集中在塔架底部，仿生塔架则集中在塔架底部以上；与柔性塔架相比，仿生塔架顶端位移增加了282.0%，而最大应力仅增加了18.0%，在满足塔架应力允许范围内，仿生塔架柔性更好；仿生塔架达到共振时塔顶位移响应幅值降低了22.2%，且共振频率点均偏大；与刚性塔架相比，柔性与仿生塔架的固有频率均较低，而仿生塔架的固有频率略高于柔性塔架。

Abstract:The mechanical structure of the wind turbine tower is a typical flexible elongated elastomer. Considering the similarity between the coastal palm trees and the offshore wind turbine structure (with the elongated column) and the environment,,and taking the traditional cylinder and bionic wind turbine as the research object,three tower models were established: rigid tower,flexible tower and bionic tower with vascular bundles,based on the bionics theory and the parameters of the tree shape and the characteristics of the material. Three kinds of towers were analyzed by static analysis,modal analysis and harmonic response analysis. And the finite element method was used to compare the mechanical properties of the three towers. The influence of the proposed bionic structure on the mechanical properties of the tower was analyzed. The results showed that under the action of wind load,the maximum stress of the original tower is mainly at the bottom of the tower,and the bionic tower is concentrated above the bottom of the tower. Compared with the flexible tower,the top displacement of the bionic tower is increased by 282.0%,while the maximum stress is increased by only 18.0%,indicating the bionic tower is more flexible to meet the stress limits of the tower. The amplitude of the displacement response of the bionic tower is reduced by 22.2% when the bionic tower reaches the resonance,and the resonant frequency is relatively higher. Compared with the rigid tower,the natural frequency of the flexible and bionic towers is lower,and the natural frequency of the bionic tower is slightly higher than that of the flexible tower.

TP273

国家自然科学基金（51676131，51176129）