为提高垂直轴风力机气动效率,基于仿生学原理,以鱼类尾鳍为仿生对象,提出在翼型尾缘布置仿生尾鳍结构,通过主动控制使其随叶片方位角变化而运动。以NACA0021为基础翼型,通过CFD数值模拟,研究仿生尾鳍对垂直轴风力机气动性能的影响,对比分析原始及不同控制策略下仿生尾鳍垂直轴风力机风能利用系数、单叶片转矩系数、压力系数及涡量云图。研究表明:主动控制策略下仿生尾鳍可有效抑制流动分离,较原始翼型及固定尾鳍翼型,风能利用率最大可分别提高18.3%和26.7%,同时可使最佳工况向低尖速比方向移动,提高垂直轴风力机运行稳定性。

In order to improve the aerodynamic efficiency of vertical axis wind turbine, based on the principle of bionics, the bionic trailing fin of fish is used as the bionic object, and the bionic trailing fin structure is proposed to be arranged at the trailing edge of the airfoil, and its movement is made with the change of blade azimuth through active control. Using NACA0021 as the base airfoil, the effect of the bionic tail fin on the aerodynamic performance of the vertical axis wind turbine is studied by CFD numerical simulation, and the wind energy utilization coefficient, single blade torque coefficient, pressure coefficient and vortex cloud diagram of the vertical axis wind turbine under the original and different control strategies are compared and analyzed. The study shows that the bionic tailfin can effectively suppress the flow separation under the active control strategy, and the wind energy utilization can be improved by 18.3% and 26.7% compared with the original and fixed tailfin airfoils, respectively, while the optimal operating conditions can be shifted to the direction of low tip speed ratio, which improves the operational stability of the vertical axis wind turbine.

TK83? ???

国家自然科学基金(51976131；51676131)；上海“科技创新行动计划”地方院校能力建设项目(19060502200)