纳米流体作为一种新型的高导热材料引起了持续关注，本文针对不同的纳米流体材料在振荡热管、重力热管、平板热管中的传热效果，概述了近年来纳米流体的制备、热特性以及在热管中应用的传热研究，总结了目前纳米流体应用于热管中存在的颗粒滞纳性、不均匀分散等问题并进行了分析。大量研究表明，使用金属纳米颗粒、合适的纳米流体配比等可有效强化热管传热，在体积分数为0.25%~1.50%或质量分数为0.01%~3.00%范围下，传热效率存在峰值。此外，对若干最新的纳米流体热管相变传热模型开展了传热模型新实验工况的适用性分析，发现Mohseni模型在新条件下的平均计算偏差约为±13.8%，并基于该模型提出更适用于新工况的模型，其平均误差为±3.4%。提出寻找颗粒聚合纳米流体的二次非接触反聚合手段是未来纳米流体在热管中可靠应用的重点研究方向。

As a new material with high thermal conductivity, nanofluids have attracted continuous attention. This paper summarizes the preparation methods, thermal characteristics, and heat transfer research of nanofluids, along with their application in heat pipes in recent years, in order to know the heat transfer effect of different nanofluids on oscillating heat pipe, gravity heat pipe and flat-plate heat pipe. Some problems such as particle hysteresis and inhomogeneous dispersion of nanofluids applied in heat pipes are indicated and analysed. A large number of studies have shown that the use of metal nanoparticles, and the appropriate ratio of nanofluids can effectively strengthen the heat transfer of heat pipes. When the volume fraction is 0.25%~1.50% or the mass fraction is 0.01%~3.00%, the heat transfer efficiency has a peak value. In addition, an applicability analysis of new experimental conditions for heat transfer models was carried out for several latest nanofluids phase-change heat transfer models in heat pipes, then heat transfer model proposed by Mohseni exhibits an average computational deviation of approximately ±13.8% under the new operating conditions. Additionally, a model more suitable for new experimental conditions is proposed based on Mohseni model, with an average deviation of ±3.4%. The paper presents that in search of a secondary non-contact anti-polymerization method for particle polymerized nanofluids is a key research direction for the reliable application in heat pipes of nanofluids in the future.

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国家自然科学基金青年项目（52106285）；广东省自然科学基金面上项目（2114050002858）；广东省新能源和可再生能源重点实验室开放基金（E239kf1101）