为研究橡胶减振器的冲击力学特性，基于超-粘弹性本构理论建立了应变率相关的橡胶材料冲击本构模型，在霍普金森压杆（SHPB）装置上开展了速度范围为3~12 m/s的8组冲击试验，获得了应变率范围为1 500 ~6 000/s的应力-应变关系，建立了3阶冲击应变率修正模型。以某型船用动力设备橡胶减振器为研究对象，在ABAQUS软件中开展了减振器跌落冲击仿真分析，并进行了试验验证，研究了减振器跌落高度与结构参数对橡胶减振器冲击特性的影响。结果表明：橡胶减振器仿真冲击刚度与试验冲击刚度的误差为16.49%，处于工程应用可接受范围内，说明采用应变率修正的冲击本构模型能够合理表征橡胶的冲击力学特性；冲击刚度与减振器跌落高度及橡胶倾角和中径长呈单调递增，与橡胶厚度呈单调递减，其中倾角对刚度的影响最大

In order to study the impact mechanical characteristics of rubber shock absorbers, based on the superviscoelastic constitutive theory, the impact constitutive model of rubber materials correlated with strain rate was established, and 8 groups of impact tests in a speed range of 3 to 12 m/s were carried out on the Hopkinson pressure rod (SHPB) device, and the stressstrain relationship in a strain rate range of 1 500 to 6 000/s was obtained. A thirdorder impact strain rate correction model was established. Taking the rubber shock absorber of a certain type of marine power equipment as the research object, the simulation analysis of the drop impact of the shock absorber was carried out in ABAQUS software, and the test was verified to study the influence of shock absorber drop height and structural parameters on the impact characteristics of rubber shock absorber. The results show that the error between the simulated impact stiffness and the test impact stiffness of the rubber shock absorber is 16.49%, which is within the acceptable range of engineering applications, indicating that the impact constitutive model modified by strain rate can reasonably characterize the impact mechanical characteristics of rubber. The impact stiffness increases monotonically with shock absorber drop height, rubber inclination angle and middle diameter length, and decreases monotonically with rubber thickness, among which inclination angle has the greatest influence on stiffness.

TQ332；TQ333.7

国家重大科技专项（J2019-IV-0015-0083）