化石燃料的大量消耗对人类的生存环境产生了巨大影响,并引发一系列气候变化、环境污染问题,化石能源向清洁能源的结构转型势在必行。氢能作为清洁低碳的二次能源,具有很大的发展潜力,但受限于储存、运输和安全等技术及成本问题,目前其大规模的推广应用仍较为困难；此外,近年来可再生能源发电行业迅猛发展,装机总量已超煤电,但其不稳定特征使得大量能源无法被电网系统吸纳而弃用。而氨作为一种富含氢的无碳燃料,具有能量密度高、储运技术成熟、安全性能好、无碳排放等优点,是理想的能源载体；且以氨为能源载体的化学储能技术,不仅可以通过可再生能源发电合成氨的方式,来缓解电力系统大规模新能源消纳压力,还能通过氨的远距离输运和多元化的氨能转化技术,来实现规模灵活的跨区域、跨季节能源供给。本文简要介绍了氨作为能源载体的优势,重点探讨了可再生能源合成氨技术和氨作为能源载体的应用研究,主要包括氨燃料电池、氨燃气轮机、氨能源概念系统等领域,并对其发展现状进行了评述与总结,有助于对合成氨发展和氨能源系统有更加深入的认识,为未来后续研究提供参考方向。

The massive consumption of fossil fuels has had a huge impact on the human living environment and triggered a series of climate change and environmental pollution problems. The structural transformation of fossil energy into clean energy is imperative. As a clean and low-carbon secondary energy, hydrogen energy has great development potential. However, due to technical and cost issues such as storage, transportation and safety, its large-scale promotion and application is still difficult. In addition, in recent years, renewable The energy power generation industry is developing rapidly, and the total installed capacity has exceeded that of coal power. However, its unstable characteristics prevent a large amount of energy from being absorbed by the power grid system and being discarded. As a carbon-free fuel rich in hydrogen, ammonia has the advantages of high energy density, mature storage and transportation technology, good safety performance, and no carbon emissions. It is an ideal energy carrier; and chemical energy storage technology using ammonia as the energy carrier , not only can it relieve the pressure of large-scale new energy consumption on the power system by generating ammonia from renewable energy, but it can also achieve flexible cross-regional, large-scale, and flexible ammonia energy conversion through long-distance transportation of ammonia and diversified ammonia energy conversion technology. Inter-seasonal energy supply. This article briefly introduces the advantages of ammonia as an energy carrier, focuses on the renewable energy ammonia synthesis technology and the application research of ammonia as an energy carrier, mainly including ammonia fuel cells, ammonia gas turbines, ammonia energy concept systems and other fields, and conducts an analysis of their development status This review and summary is helpful to have a deeper understanding of the development of synthetic ammonia and ammonia energy system, and provides a reference direction for future follow-up research.

TK221

国家重点研发计划