为提高能源利用率，改善用户供热体验，集中供热管网的热延迟特性在调度优化时不可忽视。本文提出了热源温度变化的非稳态热力优化(Con1)、单一热源温度的非稳态热力优化(Con2)、考虑时延及其离散度的准稳态优化(Con3)3种热源调度优化方法。Con1是对一段时间进行非稳态热力计算，基于热耗、电耗、用户满意度的综合考虑，结合优化算法对热源供热温度策略进行寻优。Con2则是在Con1的基础上大幅减少了决策变量个数，假设每个热源的供水温度不随时间发生变化。Con3则是在考虑各热力站热延迟离散度的提前下进行准稳态水力热力优化，并将优化的热源热力结果按照热延迟时间向前偏移，期望在不明显增加能耗的前提下，减小各热力站热延迟时间的差距。算例结果表明，Con2的总能耗费用最高且热力站满意度最低。Con3相比Con1热力站满意度仅偏低1.0%且总能耗费用仅高43.05元/h，优化得到的热源供水温度结果偏差在1℃以内，而Con3计算效率显著提高。综上所述，方法Con3可对热源供水温度及流量进行快速优化，同时确保能耗和热用户满意度，减少各热力站的热延迟时间差距，提高调度的方便性和可预测性。

In order to improve energy efficiency and user heating experience, the thermal delay characteristics of the central heating network can not be ignored when scheduling optimization. In this paper, three heat source scheduling optimization methods are proposed: unsteady thermal optimization (Con1) for heat source temperature variation, unsteady thermal optimization (Con2) for single heat source temperature, and quasi-steady state optimization (Con3) considering delay and dispersion.Con1 is an unsteady thermodynamic calculation for a period of time. Based on the comprehensive consideration of heat consumption, power consumption and user satisfaction, the optimization algorithm is combined to optimize the heating temperature strategy of heat source. On the basis of Con1, Con2 greatly reduces the number of decision variables, assuming that the water supply temperature of each heat source does not change with time.Con3, on the other hand, carries out quasi-steady-state hydraulic thermodynamic optimization considering the advance dispersion of thermal delay of each thermal station, and shifts the optimized heat source thermal results forward according to thermal delay time, hoping to reduce the gap of thermal delay time of each thermal station without significantly increasing energy consumption. The results show that the total energy cost of Con2 is the highest and the satisfaction of heat station is the lowest. Compared with Con1, the satisfaction of Con3 is only 1.0% lower and the total energy consumption cost is only 43.05 yuan /h higher. The deviation of the optimized heat supply temperature is less than 1℃.At the same time, the computational efficiency of Con3 is significantly improved In summary, method Con3 can rapidly optimize the temperature and flow rate of heat source water supply, ensure energy consumption and thermal user satisfaction, reduce the thermal delay time gap of each heat station, and improve the convenience and predictability of dispatch.

基于数字孪生的供热系统全网动态优化及低碳智慧调控关键技术研究