风阻功率损失在高线速度齿轮总功率损失中占据重要地位，不仅严重影响齿轮系统的传动效率，还会造成巨大的能源消耗。本文提出一种负压调控方法来减小齿轮风阻损失，可与已有的减阻方法串行使用，进一步降低风阻功率损失。基于流体力学相关知识，建立了负压下高线速度齿轮流场特性仿真分析模型，研究了负压环境下齿轮箱体内的流场分布和风阻功率损失情况，获得了负压环境和线速度参数变化对风阻功率损失的影响规律。搭建了线速度达110m/s的高线速度齿轮风阻损失试验台，开展了风阻功率损失试验。结果表明齿面附近高速流动的空气会产生很大的压差力矩，是产生风阻损失的主要原因。风阻功率损失会随着齿轮箱压强的增加而线性增大，随着齿轮线速度的增加而呈现幂指数增大。仿真计算数据在130m/s以下线速度时与经验公式值吻合良好，同时与试验数据的误差不超过10%，验证了负压调控方法的有效性。

Windage power loss plays an important role in the total power loss of high-speed gears, which seriously affects the transmission efficiency of gear system and causes huge energy consumption. This article proposes a negative pressure regulation method to reduce gear windage loss, which can be used in series with existing windage reduction methods to further reduce windage power loss. Based on the knowledge of fluid mechanics, a simulation analysis model of flow field characteristics of high-speed gear under negative pressure was established. The flow field distribution and windage loss in the gearbox under negative pressure were studied, and the influence of negative pressure environment and pitch line velocity on windage power loss was obtained. A high-speed gear windage loss test-bed with a pitch line velocity of 110m/s was built, and the windage power loss test was carried out. The results show that the high-speed air flowing near the tooth surface will produce a large differential pressure moment which is the main reason for the windage loss. The windage power loss will increases linearly with the increase of gearbox pressure and exponentially with the increase of gear pitch line velocity. The simulation calculation data is in good agreement with the empirical formula value at a pitch line velocity below 130/s, and the error with the experimental data does not exceed 10%, which verifies the effectiveness of the negative pressure regulation method.

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国家重点研发计划(2020YFB2008100); 国家自然科学基金(52005255); 江苏省自然科学基金(BK20200430)